Healthyvives Health Blog

A person needs communication with the mass people. Communicating with people about health and ensuring that your communication has been effective in changing their health behavior is the real purpose of what is called as interpersonal communication. Whenever you meet someone you communicate. Often this communication has meant just giving information to your clients. This is not enough, you as a communicator need to exchange information with difference people you meet. This exchange of information is not a one way, but a two way street where the information should be shared and valued between you and the people you serve. This two way flow of information between you clients is known as interpersonal communication sub unit. I explain the meaning importance and situations where interpersonal communication can be use to bring about a change in behavior. Using interpersonal communication require specific skills to be an effective communicator you need to understand different components. We try to use verbal, non verbal and active listening skills and other uses. We also need different skills like verbal and non verbal effective speaking and active listening. Use skills in improving your image and credibility among the clients. Demonstrate the use of skills in performing different activities. But we must follow the importance of interpersonal communication and where to use it. Communication is an essential Part of our daily life. We communicate when we talk to people living around us. Health workers would mean the sharing the ideas, information and experiences with different sets of people you deal with in your daily work. One to one communication takes place when you talk to your clients for example with a mother about immunization of her child or an adolescent girl about menstrual cycle. Communication with a small group takes place when you organize a gathering of a small group of people. You can meet with pregnant women to advise her how to overcome problem which they may have raised about pregnancy. You can share your own experiences for communicating with mass people. During the communication between you and your clients you need to use speaking, listening and non verbal communication skills as effective. by understanding and practicing various skills such as effective speaking, active listening, treating the people with respect, ensuring confidentially and developing pleasant atmosphere at your working situation, you will be able to satisfy the needs of your clients, and also prove to be an able worker. You can help your clients to answer their problem, you can help the couples to accept the small family norm, motivate women to use contraceptives, problem of adolescent, immunization etc. non verbal communication skills also a system of communication, it is like as body posture, gestures or movements of the head, expressions of your face and the movement of your eyes. You can touch with hand to child and mother when you meet them. You also use the eye contact, a direct eye contact with your client is paying attention to what you are saying or not. If any patient is avoiding an eye contact with you can be sure that he is hiding something. Finally we can say that effective speaking is important for the success of any communication. You should decide the tone of your voice, the subject matter and the language according to the persons with whom you are speaking to. Effective speaking skills also require that you have an understanding of the attitudes, feeling and needs of your listener. A good speaking skill can build the confidence of your clients and do a lot of good.

Lack of protein-energy is the cause of malnutrition. The first thing is that due to inadequate food intake resulted malnutrition. Protein-energy malnutrition is divided in two distinct syndromes. One is Kwashiorkor and another one is Marasmus. 1st is caused by a deficiency of protein in the presence adequate energy and 2nd is caused by combined protein and energy deficiency. Kwashiorkor is also caused where food containing proteins are insufficiently abundant, and Marascus also caused where adequate quantities of food are not available. Kwashiorkor results acute illness, such as trauma, sepsis and burns. Marascus results chronics diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease congestive, heart failure, cancer, or AIDS. We find out that protein-energy malnutrition affects every organ system. As affect of protein-energy malnutrition losses the body weight. It also affects on respiratory function.here vital capacity and tidal valume are depressed, and mucociliary clearance is abnormal. Disorders of vitamin metabolism caused so many diseases. Such as thiamin (vitamin.B1) early deficiency includes anorexia, muscle cramps, paresthesias, and irritability. Thiamin advanced deficiency primarily affects the cardiovascular system or the nervous system. it also caused wet beriberi, after that it caused dry beriberi. Riboflavin (vitamin.B2) deficiency occurs, deficiency of other vitamins, dietary inadequate, alcoholism, inter-action of medications and protein-calorie under nutrition. Deficiency of riboflavin caused cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrhea, dermatitis, weakness, corneal vascularization and anemia etc. Niacin deficiency caused by niacin deficiency. It is also call nicotinic acid. Niacin deficiency common complaints anorexia, weakness, irritability, mouth sorencess, glossitis, stomatitis, and weight loss, and lastly pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia. Deficiency of vitamin B6 commonly occurs from interaction with medications, like as isoniazid, cycloserine, penicillamine, oral contraceptives and alcoholism. Vitamin B6 results glossitis, weakness and irritability. Even results in peripheral neuropathy, anemia, and seizures. Vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency is caused by inadequate of fruits and vegetables diet. It is occurs gastrointestinal tract. Vitamin C deficiencies are due to dietary inadequate, which not ate fruits where vitamin C is available. Vitamins c deficiencies are nonspecific and include malaise of scurvy develop. Vitamin A deficiency is caused due to fat malabsorption syndromes or mineral oil laxative abuse, vitamin A results night blindness. Calcium and vitamin D deficiency can be cause hypocalcaemia. Vitamin E deficiency causes malabsorption. Due to vitamin E results liver disease and biliary Artesia. However some cultural factors significantly influence health and sickness in society. Certain types of ailments are significantly correlated with such factors as class, occupation, ethnicity and food habits. Hypertension, diabetes and ulcers may be regarded as urban disease, generally connected with sedentary occupations. Environmental pollution, brought about by technological advancement, is now identified as one of the major causes for the growing incidence of cancer. Food habits, particularly the consumption of fatty foods and high salt intake, are significantly correlated with cardiovascular diseases. A culture generally defines what diseases are to be considered as illness, and therefore requiring treatment.several tribal communities in the south pacific islands, the Kirghiz of turkey, certain African , the Austrian aborigines and the Eskimos use no salt in their diet.so such as high blood pressure are unknown among them.

The major components of our food are carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins and minerals. These components provide energy, help in growth and developments and repair of the damaged parts of the body. They also develop resistance to diseases. A balanced diet contains all the nutrients and its varies according to the need of the body. The deficiency of these nutrients in food causes deficiency diseases. Malnutrition is the main cause of these diseases. Excessive intake of nutrition’s also leads to the abnormal functioning of the body. obesity and hypervitaminosis are examples of overnutration. Living organisms constantly interact with the environment. Disequilibrium is the environment may lead to diseases in living beings. In additional to extrinsic factors, disease may also arise due to intrinsic reasons or factors. Organic or metabolic diseases are caused due to intrinsic factors.
Lack of nutrients in the diet causes deficiency diseases and Deficiency of carbohydrates, proteins and fast leads to protein, energy malnutrition. Also Anemia, goiter, rickets and osteomalacia are common mineral deficiency diseases.
Some of the important diseases caused by the deficiency of Vitamins are: night blindness, beriberi, pellagra, scurvy, rickets etc. proteins, carbohydrates and fat deficiency leads to protein, energy deficiency diseases. This is the most common nutritional disorder which affects children in our country in the age group of 1 to 5 years. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are also very common. About 1% of pre-school children in India and other Developing countries suffer from kwashiorkor. Diseases like marasmus are caused due to the inadequacy of diet in children below the age of one year. The main cause of marasmus is the deficiency of carbohydrates, protein and fats. This is very common disease among the poor people. This disease can be controlled by giving adequate amounts of all the above nutrients.
The deficiency of vitamin A leads to night blindness in which persons cannot see in dim light. Beriberi is caused by the deficiency of vitamin B. Pellagra is common in those people who are mainly maize caters. The deficiency of vitamin C and vitamin D causes scurvy and rickets respectively. Calcium and phosphorus are two minerals which make our bones and teeth strong. The deficiency of these minerals causes rickets in children and Osteomalacia in adults. In rickets the bones become twisted or bent. This disease can be prevented by giving cod liver oil and proper exposure to sunlight. In Osteomalacia bones become soft and fragile. This disease occurs due to the deficiency of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D in food. It is common in women, especially when they are in pregnancy and during the lactation period. Milk and liver are rich sources of calcium and phosphorus. Their intake in adequate quantities improves the patient’s health. Mineral deficiency can also lead to deficiency diseases. Anemia can be identified when the person looks pale, tire easily, feels exhausted and loses weight. Iron deficiency results in hemoglobin deficiency in the blood. This disease can be cured by taking an adequate amount of iron in the diet. The deficiency of iodine in the diet leads of goiter. In goiter, the neck seems swollen, the body weight increases, and disorders of the nervous system leads to imbalance in the body. This disease is very common in hilly areas.

Why you use the method contraception, answer is very easy, to avoid unavoidable pregnancy. Contraception as a process used for all measures temporary or permanent designed to prevent pregnancy. There are two method of contraception used. One is temporary and another is permanent. The risk associated with contraception is much less than risk of pregnancy.M.T.P and child birth for high risk woman, therefore it is better avoiding pregnancy by use of contraceptives. There are so many methods for contraception. Like as follows;
Period of breast-feeding
Customary separation of abstinence of marital partners after birth of baby
Sex with out penile vaginal intercourse
Withdrawal method
Fertility awareness methods.
Breast feeding: – if you practice breast feeding 6 hourly and menstrual period has not returned. Breast feeding can be used as an effective methods of contraception for six months provided she practice exclusive breast feeding , take care that no substitute of breast milk. Frequent sucking causes high level of prolactin secretion in the mother. High level of prolactine is associated with suppression of ovulation. After 6 months many women will begin to ovulate even if their menses have not returned. Hence breast feeding can no longer be effective after 6 months post-partum.
Customary separation of abstinence of marital partners after birth of baby: – in some communities by observing social customs, the separation of spouses after birth of baby for varying periods, conception is avoided.
Sex with out penile vaginal intercourse: – expression of caring and fondness of partners with out penis in or near the vagina e.g. touching, hugging, masturbating. In this system sperms never reach the vagina. No possibility of pregnancy if ejaculation does not occur in or near the vagina. But in this system sometime one or both partners may make objection.
Withdrawal method: – in this method, during sexual intercourse, erect penis is withdrawn just before ejaculation. Semen is discharged out side the vagina. It is widely practiced method all over the world, in all cultures and by people of all religious. In this system sperms dropping out side the vagina. Responsibility for contraception is shared by the male partner.no physical side effect is caused.
Fertility awareness methods:- every women learn recognize the fertile days of the menstrual cycle over several months and avoid intercourses or use the barriers methods on those days. There are many fertility methods as follows,
Calendar method
Cervical Mucus Method
Basal body temperature
Symptom-thermal method
Calendar method:-keeps record of 6 menstrual cycles and then calculates the fertile days. From the record, the longest and shortest cycles are chosen. Substract 20 from the shortest cycle and 10 from the longest cycle, e.g. shortest cycle is 26 days and longest cycle is 34 days (26-20=6 and 34-10=24). So abstinence or barrier method has to be practiced from day 6 to day 24 of the cycle.
Basal body temperature:- basal body temperature method identifies the day of ovulation but not the beginning of fertile period. In this method, intercourse is to be avoided during first half of cycle until 3 days after the temperatures has risen, or use backup barrier methods. Record the temperature every morning before getting up from bed as soon as the woman is awake. The special BBT thermometer is useful. Record the temperature on BBT chart as a dot and connect the dots with a line. When BBT has risen 0.2 to 0.5 degree F and remains elevated for 3 days, the fertile phase is over.
Cervical Mucus Method: – In Cervical Mucus Method fertile period is indicated by a sensation of wetness at vulva or when mucus is observed. To observe mucus, one can wipe vulva with a tissue paper when one feels or sees mucus unless the partner uses condom till 4 days after peak symptom day. Peak symptom day is the day of maximum mucus. During period, sex is to be avoided as blood may mask mucus. If unsure of presence of mucus, use of condom by male partner is essential. Spermicidal, vaginal infection, drugs and intercourse can affect normal pattern of woman’s cervical mucus. Mucus can be recorded on a daily basis in a chart.
Symptom-thermal method: – Symptom-thermal method combines cervical mucus method and BBT. Beginning of fertile period is indicated by cervical mucus or even by calendar method and the end of fertile period by BBT. Fertile period ends 4 days after peak mucus or 3 days after sustained rise of BBT which ever is later.
Another some systems are available for contraception like as use of condom both male and female condoms. Uses of spermicidal, spermicidal are available in the form of creams and foaming tablets or suppositories. Women can use oral contraceptive pill to avoid unwanted pregnancy. These pills are available in chemist stores and uses also very easy, using direction is written on the tablets. Some women using copper T to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Copper T 200 B is a ‘T’ shaped plastic device made of polyethylene and impregnated with Barium sulphate to make it radio-opaque. It is 3.6 cm in length and 3.2 cm in width. Copper is wound round its vertical stem. Its surface area is 200 mm and the thread is attached to the lower end of the vertical stem.
However the latest discovery and modified contraceptive for emergency use is emergency tablet. This tablet is use to avoid unwanted pregnancy within 72 hours of last intercourse. It is available in chemist stores. Bur it is not for a permanent contraception.

Accident is not planned but sometime it happened. What we need to do when unfortunately happen some physical troubles, we have not enough time to call a Doctor or it is far from hospital. Accidents and ailments may hit you suddenly, in the middle of the night or on a Sunday. In such condition here are some fast-faced ways to deal with some everyday emergencies you apply.
Headache: – our brain has built with one third of water, here dehydration cause a problem. As a result try to take 2 to 3 glass of water. If you are suffering from a migraine, brew a pot of coffee. Caffeine has a constricting effect on the arteries in our head, which can help us relieve pain.
Backache: – you can use ice to reduce swelling and the strain on your back muscles. Gently massage the spot for seven or eight minutes with the pack. Don’t apply ice directly to the skin. Place a hot water bottle on your bed. Put a plastic wrap over that and cover with a soft towel that has been placed in warm water and wrung out. Lie down on the towel positioning it against the painful part. You ma get off your feet and lie down. Hug your knees to chest. The move will feel soothing.
Ear ache: – you can turn on the hair dryer to a low or warm setting. Hold 18 inch to 20 inch from the ear and aim inside. Yawn to move the muscle that opens the Eustachian tube. This leads from the back of the throat to the mid ear.
Tooth ache: – tooth ache can be due to a cavity with impacted food. At first floss between the aching tooth and its neighbors. Placing an ice pack and against your jaw will help. Don’t use a hot water compress or gargle with hot water as this will cause the infection to spread and heighten the pain. Don’t soak a cotton ball into clove oil and apply gently only to the cavity or it will burn your gums, mouth or cheeks. You can try acupressure; apply ice to the web of skin between the thumb and the index finger on the same side as tooth. Don’t prod the area with a toothpick, don’t use clove oil.
Acidity or heartburn: – don’t lie flat. If you must lie down raise the head of your bed by 6 inches and sleep on your left so that acid in your stomach stays these and don’t get a chance to leak into the esophagus sensation. You may chew a gum, which increases saliva flow which in turn revitalizes stomach acid and washes it away from the esophagus. Place a cold towel over your ear to stimulate a branch of the vagus nerve that runs through the digestive tract. Gently massage the abdomen and use a hot water bottle.
Burns: – minor burns are red and painful, may ooze and blister, and are caused by sunburn, scalds and brief contact with oven coils. Flush it with lots of cold water for 15 to 30 minutes to ease the pain. Cover the burn with clean dry gauze and leave it alone, to begin the healing process. Potato skins dressing have also been used to good effect in burns treatment. Don’t try to butter it, and vinegar, honey, ink are also bad ideas.
Choking: – choking on food or a small object will clutch at the throat, breathe noisily, cough violently, turn blue. If you can’t talk or breathe, have some one give you the Heimlich maneuver, or do it yourself by ramming your stomach into a chair back. Bend an older child forward, lower the head and sit or stand behind him to perform the Heimlich maneuver.
Constipation: – you need liquid and fiber to spur your cranky colon, so mix a fruit smoothie. Toss an orange, a banana, and some frozen strawberries, a handful of wheat bran, some orange juice, and ice into a blender. Pour the concoction into your travel mug and head to work. By the you turn your pc on; you will be ready to download.
Diarrhea: – make your own ORD liquid with 5 teaspoon full. Sugar,juice, of 1 lime, pinch of salt in a liter of boiled and cooled water. An OTC sachet of electrolytes will also restore your bodies’ balance of water, sugar and salt. You can take tea, cola, juice, arrowroot or barley water and curd.
Electric shock:-first important thing is that disconnect the electric contact with switch off the main meter. If not remove the plug or wrench the cable frees. But protect yourself by wearing rubber boots, slippers, standing on a wooden box, a rubber or plastic mat. Use a brush, stick, wooden chair or wooden stool to push the source of the current away from the victim, or the victim away from the source of the current. Never touch the victim if your feet are bare or if you are using leather footwear. Cover the affected part with a clean sheet or towel to prevent the wound getting septic. Arrange to transfer to a hospital as soon as possible.
Fainting:-when you feel fainting, lie down flat with your legs raised to encourage more oxygen rich blood to flow into your brain. Take deep breaths. This works better than lowering your head between your knees, which is your next bet. Stay this way till you feel better.
Fever: – reduced temperature by removing all clothes and leaving a thin cotton sheet over the body. Sponge the skin with cool water. Apply a cool damp towel to the forehead. Turning on a fan but do not let it blow directly on you. Call a doctor if fever lasts for more twelve hours.
Foreign object in the eye: – attempt to remove only if it is floating on the whites or is stuck under the eyelid. Sit before a well-lit mirror, look up, and gently pull the lower lid down. If you can see the speck, pick it up with the corner of the tissue. If not ease the upper lid down over the lower, than slide back. or look down and lift the upper lid folding it back over a cotton swab. pick off the speck. Flush out the eye with plenty of water.
Hangover: – drink at least 2 glasses of water when you come home. have bland breakfast and a cup of coffee when you wake up. Drink a spicy vegetable juice or a virgin bloody Mary. The spices help dilate blood vessels, which could speed recovery by improving blood circulation.
Heart problems:-if you have a chest pain or angina, because not enough oxygen gets to the heart muscle, you need a tablet of angised or sorbitrate to place under the tongue. Now since the mouth need adequate moisture, and saliva is lessened because of apprehension, first swish the tongue with quarter teaspoon of salt water. Call doctor as early if not removed the chest pain.
Hiccups: – hold your breath as long as you can, then exhale slowly. Swallow a tea spoon of sugar or honey which may also increase saliva production, causing you to swallow more frequently. Sip ice water quickly, drink out of the side of the glass, and swallow crushed ice. Gently pull on the tongue, make a acupressure technique is to place both thumbs on your earlobe and shut your nostrils with your forefinger. Breathing in and out with your nose and mouth in a paper bag may work because carbon dioxide builds up in the air breathed in, which depresses the activity of the relevant nerves in the brain.
Indigestion:-buy a bottle of peppermint oil and mix a few drops with 2 tea spoons of sugar. Dissolve the mixture in half a glass of water. It should help reduce spasms in your intestinal tract.
Nose bleed: – bend forward after sit down. Pinch the nostrils firmly with the thumb and finger for 5 to 10 minutes. Apply cold compressed or an ice pack
Poisoning:- poisoning can be accidental or deliberate. If you suspect that your child has swallowed a poisonous chemical, give her a glass of milk to dilute it. Do not induce vomiting as this may cause further damage. If the poison is a caustic substance, such as bleach, upchucking could burn her esophagus twice. What’s more she may not be able to stop throwing up. That can cause irregular heartbeat or aspiration pneumonia, when fluid fills the lungs. Induce vomiting by irritating the back of the throat with your finger or a blunt spoon handle. In both case, go to an emergency room stat and take the suspected bottle with you.
Splinter:-if you have a splinter, which you cannot see, place a piece of adhesive tape over the sore spot, then pull off straight and sideways. If one part projects from the skin, numb the area with an ice cube, then wash with soap or water. Using a flame sterilized pin, slit the skin just over the end of the splinter, and lift it up, then full the splinter out with clean tweezers. Wash and cover with a band Aid.
Shock: – can be caused by internal or external loss of blood, a drop in blood pressure resulting from vomiting, diarrhea, and burn. Watch out for pale clammy skin, a mean rapid pulse, shallow quick breathing. Lay him down raise his legs to just above hip height to channel blood to vital areas. Cover with a blanket. Don’t let him eat, drink or smoke in case he needs anesthesia. Moisten his lips and put into the recovery position and call an ambulance to go hospital.
Wounds: – apply heat which helps healing faster, because it dilates the blood vessels in the area of an injury, which increases blood flow and oxygen. This seems to accelerate the production of collagen, which aids the healing process. Use a hot water bottle or warm moist towel in a plastic bag for 15 to 30 minutes, four to six times a day. If it seems heavy bleeding apply direct pressure on the bleeding area by covering the wound with a rolled up cloth. If blood soaks through the bandage, apply another cloth on top of the original one, then secure with a bandage or strip of cloth.